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" (No Model.) 2 sheets-sheet '1'.-

a. 1); HE LLSTRUM. v GENTRIPUGAL LIQUID SBPA'RATOR.

Nd. 496,412. Patented May 2, 1893.

(No Model.)

0. 1). HELLSTRUM. UENTRIFUGAL LIQUID SEPARATOR.

Patented May 2, 1893.

2-Sheetsi-Sheet 2,;

cams PETERS co. s-mrroumou wnummon n L Nrrnu TATES CARL DIDRIKHELLsTRoM, OF SALA, SWEDEN.

C'ENTRIFUGAL LlQUlD-SEPARATOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 496,412, dated May 2,1893.

Application filed October 23, 1891. Renewed March 6,1893. Serial No.464,858. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, CARL DIDRIK HELL- s'ruoM, residing at Sala, Sweden,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in CentrifugalLiquid-Separators; and I do hereby declare that the followingis a full,clear, and exact description of the invention, which will enable othersskilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same,reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters ofreference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

With fat-emulsions, in which the fat-balls are met with in differentsizes, (as in milk for instance,) the thoroughness of the fat-extractionmainly depends onthe quantity of the smaller globules .or fat-balls,that are extracted. By the Schwarz method of creaming, the rapid andentire result is considered to be owing to circulations in the milk,taking place in a certain manner, by which the large fat-balls on theirway up toward the surface are working upon and carrying along withthemselves some part of the smaller ones, which otherwise are not ableto float up and consequently would therefore fail to be separated.

This invention relates to an improved method and to an apparatustherefor, by which an analogous, but more efficient action is calledforth by extraction of fat from an emulsion, by means of centrifugalforce.

If to a working centrifugal machine, within the interior of the vessel,be horizontally applied a bottom or ring concentrically corrugated fromits central opening to its circumference, the lighter or fatty particles(say, the cream) will tend to collect or congregate on those parts orfaces of such annular corrugations which are turned or face outwardlyfrom the axle; and the serum of heavier particles (the milk) will tendto collect on the concentric inner faces of the corrugations, namely,those whose faces are turned toward the axle. The fat particles arethereby detained in their motion until a layer or bed covering thesurface of this part of the annular corrugation has come to be formed.This bed next becomes merged into a poorer fat and which therefore is aheavier liquid, whereby the floating ability of the fatty bed, and atthe same time, the separating effect of the centrifugal force isheightened so that this bed or layer may be carried forward just as .ifpushed ofi from the annular concentric corrugation against and over thecrest or top of that corrugation which is nearest to the axle. From thesurrounding emulsion, more fat particles are continually settling sothat this pushing of the bed against the top is continually takingplace. gated on that part or face of the corrugation turned toward theaxle is subjected to a pressure, caused in an analogous manner, againsta top situated farther from the axle. At every one of the tops of thecorrugations, a bed of richer fat going inward is now met with a serum-bed of poorer fat going outward, so that these beds are pervading eachother, whereby the smaller fat-balls existing in the serum-bed come incontact with the larger fat-balls going inward, the effect of which incarrying the former along with them now is increased, because they haveassembled in conglomerates, in consequence of the pressure against oneanother and against the corrugagation, to which they have beensubjected.

If new to the above mentioned corrugated middle-bottom or ring anothersimilar corrugated ring be placed near it in such way that thecorrugations of the former enter into the depressions of the latter, theefiect 0f the arrangement is so increased thereby, that the emulsion,being in the space between the rings, settles its fat-particles on thecorrugations more rapidly: and moreover the remaining liquid, in whichthe richer fat-bed which is on the corrugation is merged, becomesheavier, and the effect of the centrifugal force is consequentlygreater. The richer fat-bed coming from a top, situated farther off fromthe axle, settles hereby on the nearest corrugation and thus promotesthe pressure of the bed previously deposited there, against the next topor crest of a corrugation. In the cream-bed nearest the free surface'ofthe rotating liquid, an analogous action of the larger fat-balls andconglomerates upon the smaller ones is also taking place. The

emulsion, that through the inlet tube comes into the centrifugal isemulsioned together with the bed of richer fat lying on the surface andwith the richer-fat currents coming out of each interspace. The struggleof the The serum-bed congrecentrifugal force to eject even by the lowerspaces the entered emulsion that is heavier than the liquid contained inthe free space, is thereby counteracted.

The accompanying drawings show sufficiently to illustrate my invention,a milk-centrifugal having my improvements applied thereon; Figure 1,being a central vertical section: and Fig. 2 a horizontal section: inthe line a: w of Fig. 1; Figs. 3 and 4., details, showing the manner ofsupporting the corrugated plates one upon another; Fig. 5, a horizontalsection in the case where the space between two adjacent rings isdivided into sections by diametric planes; and Fig. 6, elevations ofpieces of such diametric' planes.

a. represents the centrifugal vessel, the cover of which I). is screwedon the shell part of the vessel, and thus easily removable.

0. illustrates a central inlet tube for the milk on which four wingsorvanes d. are fixed. Outside these vanes annular plates concentricallycorrugated-either sharp-cut, as at e, or undulatory as at e.are put in,one placed above the other in such a way thatthe projections of anunderlying plate enter in the depressions of another lying above it.

The left part of Fig. 1 illustrates as an instance,ann ular plates withconcentrical'sharpcut or angular corrugations, while the right partrepresents plates with rounded or undulatory ones. The plates may bekept at a suitable distance from each other by means of any suitablemetallic pieces 7c, shown, soldered on the plates, or through elevationsis pressed out in the plate, and these plates do not reach out or extendto the shell a. of the vessel. An annular shaped space is thus left orformed, in which the separated heavier liquid (the milk) congregates andis led olf in ordinary way through one or more skimtubes f. The lighterliquid (the cream) issues through the pipe g.

By experiments it has been proved that a comparatively very good resultis attained even by putting in rings or plates of little radialextension and which consequently reach only a short stretch or distanceinto the rotating liquid-mass. In such case the rings can not beconsidered as middle-bottoms, but as only forming a concentric gratearound the axle.

In conclusion I beg to mention that if the space between two rings bedivided into sections by diametrical planes, the action within eachsection of the interspace will be analogous with thatabove described.This is even the case if the surfaces of the corrugation are notrotating surfaces. The characteristic of this invention is however thatthe liquid that has to be separated in a centrifugal be forced to runthrough a corrugated (broken or undulatory) way by means of middlebottoms or plates of a convenient cross-section, put 1n and arranged ina suitable manner in the centrifugal.

Having now described myinvention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is

In a centrifugal machine, a series of bottom or ring-plates eachconcentrically corrugated in a series of undulations extending from itscenter to near the periphery of the shell of the machine, as described,such plates being placed one above and within each other and between thecenter and the shell of the machine, substantially as set forth.

CARL DIDRIK IIELLSTRQM.

l/Vitnesses TH. WAWRINSKY, AUG. FREIT.

